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Post Oak Savannah Ecoregion

Wildlife Management Plan for Lee County, Texas

Lee County spans the boundary between the East Central Texas Plains and Texas Blackland Prairies, with 74 documented wildlife species.

Intelligence Snapshot

PricingAcreage-based. See pricing details.
EcoregionPost Oak Savannah (spans 2 ecoregions). Ecoregion guide.
Area629.1 sq mi
Species74 documented (moderate)
Federal Listed8 (3 endangered, 5 threatened)
Conservationcritical priority (4 critical habitat designations)
Min Acreage15 to 20 acres
Filing DeadlineApril 30. Deadline details.

Regulatory Complexity

Lee County's conservation obligations require careful attention to how management practices affect listed species habitat. Critical habitat has been designated for 4 species within county boundaries. Federal review may be triggered by land use changes in designated areas. A properly calibrated plan accounts for these constraints. A generic plan does not.

Lee County Ecological Profile

Lee County contains 3 TPWD-managed areas including Bastrop State Park, Buescher State Park, Lake Somerville State Park - Nails Creek Unit, giving the county an unusually strong conservation anchor for its 629 square miles of open post oak woodlands with native grass understory. The region has been significantly altered by decades of grazing, fire suppression, and conversion to improved pasture, but intact remnants retain high ecological value. The presence of Bastrop State Park and Buescher State Park provides protected reference landscapes that demonstrate what this region looks like under long-term management.

Wildlife management in the Post Oak Savannah focuses on restoring the open, park-like woodland structure that historically characterized the region. Eastern red cedar removal through mechanical cutting and prescribed fire is the primary management action, followed by restoration of native grass and forb understory beneath retained post oak canopy. Riparian corridors along the sandy creeks of the region provide critical travel corridors for wildlife and should be protected from intensive grazing. Food plots of native warm-season grasses supplemented with iron clay cowpeas and grain sorghum provide supplemental nutrition for white-tailed deer and wild turkey during stress periods.

Transitional Ecoregion

Lee County spans the boundary between the East Central Texas Plains and Texas Blackland Prairies. Species assemblages, soil types, and appropriate management intensities differ between these regions. A property in the East Central Texas Plains portion of the county will require different practices than one in the Texas Blackland Prairies zone.

Soil Conditions

Soils are predominantly deep, sandy loams of the Padina, Silstid, and Demona series, with scattered areas of heavy clay in bottomlands. The sandy upland soils are drought-prone but support excellent native grass production when properly managed.

Fire Ecology

The Post Oak Savannah evolved with fire at 2 to 5 year intervals. Prescribed burning is essential for maintaining the open woodland structure and controlling the eastern red cedar invasion that has dramatically altered the region over the past century.

Spans 2 ecoregions: East Central Texas Plains, Texas Blackland Prairies

White-tailed deer, eastern wild turkey, and northern bobwhite are the primary management targets. The region provides important habitat for neotropical migratory songbirds, including painted bunting, summer tanager, and yellow-billed cuckoo, that nest in the oak woodland canopy. Texas horned lizard persists in areas with sandy soils and active harvester ant colonies. Eastern bluebird benefits from nest box programs in areas where natural cavity trees have been removed.

Lee County Species of Conservation Concern

TPWD records 74 species in Lee County. Birds represent the most documented group at 30 species. The county carries significant conservation obligations: 3 federally endangered species, 5 federally threatened, and USFWS critical habitat designations for 4 species. Management activities on private land must be designed to avoid incidental take. Federally listed species include Houston toad, whooping crane, and Texas pimpleback. Houston toad: Endemic to sandy soils in the Post Oak Savannah.

Birds30
Mammals9
Plants9
Mollusks8
Reptiles7
Amphibians5
Insects5
Fish1

Primary Management Targets

white-tailed deer, bobwhite quail, eastern bluebird

Listed Species

Houston toadAnaxyrus houstonensis
Federally Endangered

Endemic to sandy soils in the Post Oak Savannah. Land clearing, road construction, and groundwater withdrawal in Bastrop and surrounding counties require ESA consultation. Lost Pines habitat is critical.

whooping craneGrus americana
Federally Endangered

Winters along the Texas coast at Aransas NWR and surrounding marshes. Grain field management and wetland water levels in coastal counties affect foraging habitat. Disturbance within 1,000 feet of roosting sites is regulated.

Texas pimplebackCyclonaias petrina
Federally Endangered

Freshwater mussel in central Texas rivers. Threats include impoundment, water quality degradation, and altered flow regimes. Riparian management and erosion control are beneficial.

black railLaterallus jamaicensis
Federally Threatened

Inhabits dense emergent marsh vegetation. Extremely secretive and declining. Wetland drainage, mowing of marsh vegetation during nesting season, and altered hydrology are primary threats. Marsh management must maintain dense low vegetation.

piping ploverCharadrius melodus
Federally Threatened

Nests on bare sand and shell flats along the Gulf Coast. Coastal properties must avoid disturbance to nesting areas during breeding season (March through August). Vehicle traffic on beaches in occupied habitat is restricted.

rufa red knotCalidris canutus rufa
Federally Threatened

Migrates through Texas coastal beaches in spring and fall. Depends on horseshoe crab eggs and invertebrates on tidal flats. Beach disturbance during migration windows (April through May, September through November) should be minimized.

yellow-billed cuckooCoccyzus americanus
Federally Threatened

Western distinct population segment is threatened. Requires large patches of mature riparian woodland (cottonwood, willow) with dense understory. Clearing riparian corridors wider than 300 feet may trigger consultation in designated critical habitat.

Texas fawnsfootTruncilla macrodon
Federally Threatened

Freshwater mussel found in central and East Texas rivers. Sensitive to sedimentation, flow alteration, and water quality changes. Maintaining riparian vegetation and minimizing erosion are key management practices.

Houston toadAnaxyrus houstonensis
State Endangered

Endemic to sandy soils in the Post Oak Savannah. Land clearing, road construction, and groundwater withdrawal in Bastrop and surrounding counties require ESA consultation. Lost Pines habitat is critical.

black railLaterallus jamaicensis
State Threatened

Inhabits dense emergent marsh vegetation. Extremely secretive and declining. Wetland drainage, mowing of marsh vegetation during nesting season, and altered hydrology are primary threats. Marsh management must maintain dense low vegetation.

interior least ternSternula antillarum athalassos
State Endangered

Nests on bare sand and gravel bars along rivers and reservoirs. Disturbance during nesting season (May through August) must be avoided. Water level management at reservoirs affects nesting success.

piping ploverCharadrius melodus
State Threatened

Nests on bare sand and shell flats along the Gulf Coast. Coastal properties must avoid disturbance to nesting areas during breeding season (March through August). Vehicle traffic on beaches in occupied habitat is restricted.

rufa red knotCalidris canutus rufa
State Threatened

Migrates through Texas coastal beaches in spring and fall. Depends on horseshoe crab eggs and invertebrates on tidal flats. Beach disturbance during migration windows (April through May, September through November) should be minimized.

swallow-tailed kiteElanoides forficatus
State Threatened
white-faced ibisPlegadis chihi
State Threatened
whooping craneGrus americana
State Endangered

Winters along the Texas coast at Aransas NWR and surrounding marshes. Grain field management and wetland water levels in coastal counties affect foraging habitat. Disturbance within 1,000 feet of roosting sites is regulated.

wood storkMycteria americana
State Threatened
Brazos heelsplitterPotamilus streckersoni
State Threatened
Texas fawnsfootTruncilla macrodon
State Threatened

Freshwater mussel found in central and East Texas rivers. Sensitive to sedimentation, flow alteration, and water quality changes. Maintaining riparian vegetation and minimizing erosion are key management practices.

Texas pimplebackCyclonaias petrina
State Endangered

Freshwater mussel in central Texas rivers. Threats include impoundment, water quality degradation, and altered flow regimes. Riparian management and erosion control are beneficial.

Texas horned lizardPhrynosoma cornutum
State Threatened

Depends on harvester ant colonies for food. Fire ant suppression and native grassland restoration directly benefit this species. Listed as state threatened.

Source: Texas Parks & Wildlife Department RTEST Database; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Critical Habitat Designations

Post Oak Savannah Wildlife Management Standards

Management in Lee County means restoring the open, park-like post oak woodland that fire historically maintained. Cedar removal and native grass restoration beneath retained oaks are the primary actions. Under 34 TAC Section 9.2002, the Post Oak Savannah ecoregion requires 15 to 20 minimum acres, 20% brush management coverage, and annual wildlife census documentation. Primary targets are white-tailed deer, bobwhite quail, and eastern bluebird. Practice recommendations should reflect each property's specific landscape position within the county.

These are the intensity thresholds your plan must meet for the Post Oak Savannah ecoregion. Your county appraisal district will verify compliance against these minimums. A plan that does not address them risks denial of your wildlife management valuation. For a complete overview of the seven management pillars, see the management pillars guide.

brush management10% of acreage OR 10 acres annually, whichever is less

This is a hard minimum. The appraisal district will verify that your plan prescribes brush management on at least this proportion of your acreage annually.

food plots1% of acreage, minimum 1/4 acre

Food plots must provide nutritional supplementation for target species. The minimum size and density are set by ecoregion to reflect carrying capacity.

protein feeders1 per 320 acres, minimum 16% crude protein, aflatoxin <20 ppb

Feeder placement and protein content are auditable. The aflatoxin threshold (20 ppb) is a compliance requirement, not a suggestion.

fire ant control10 acres or 10% of infested area annually

Fire ant suppression directly supports native harvester ant populations, the primary food source for Texas horned lizard and other ground-foraging species.

cowbird removalminimum 30 birds annually

Brown-headed cowbirds are brood parasites that reduce nesting success of songbirds. The minimum applies to properties where cowbird trapping is selected as a management activity.

prescribed burning15% of property over 7-year rotation

The burn rotation percentage applies over the full plan period. Properties that cannot burn due to WUI constraints must document the limitation and substitute equivalent mechanical treatment.

nest boxesdensity based on target species territory size

Nest box density is based on territory size of target cavity-nesting species. Boxes must be monitored and maintained annually.

Source: TPWD 34 TAC Section 9.2002, Comprehensive Wildlife Management Planning Guidelines

Water Resources

4 Groundwater Conservation Districts regulate water resources in the county, with permitting requirements for new wells and production limits that affect agricultural and wildlife management water sources.

BRAZOS VALLEY GROUNDWATER CONSERVATION DISTRICTC
FAYETTE COUNTY GROUNDWATER CONSERVATION DISTRICTC
LOST PINES GROUNDWATER CONSERVATION DISTRICTC
POST OAK SAVANNAH GROUNDWATER CONSERVATION DISTRICTC

Conservation Infrastructure

Bastrop State Park and Buescher State Park and Lake Somerville State Park - Nails Creek Unit anchor the conservation landscape in Lee County, providing protected Post Oak Savannah habitat and reference conditions for adjacent private land management.

Infrastructure

Lee County has substantial oil and gas infrastructure: 7,806 documented wells across 17 categories and 7,790 pipeline segments recorded by the Railroad Commission. 35 orphan wells are on the Railroad Commission's plugging priority list.

7,806 wells and 3 endangered species. In Lee County, industry and ecology share the same ground.

Build your Lee County wildlife management plan.

2 ecoregions. 74 documented species. Lee County's ecological complexity means the plan has to be specific to your property's landscape position. Calibrated to Post Oak Savannah standards.

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